{"id":2783,"date":"2020-08-05T04:01:47","date_gmt":"2020-08-05T04:01:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/?p=2783"},"modified":"2020-08-09T07:07:32","modified_gmt":"2020-08-09T07:07:32","slug":"vectores-y-matrices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/?p=2783","title":{"rendered":"Vectores y Matrices"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es una matriz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Una matriz es un conjunto de renglones y columnas expresados por un par de n\u00fameros \u201cm x n\u201d denominado orden de la matriz, donde \u201cm\u201d es el n\u00famero de renglones y \u201cn\u201d el n\u00famero de columnas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"427\" height=\"182\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2784\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image.png 427w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-300x128.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2785\" width=\"299\" height=\"310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-1.png 299w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-1-289x300.png 289w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 299px) 100vw, 299px\" \/><figcaption>Los casos especiales de la Matriz, son los denominados Vectores(Horizontal y Vertical). El Vector Horizontal ser\u00eda el correspondiente a<strong> a<sub>11<\/sub>, a<sub>12<\/sub>, a<sub>13<\/sub> &#8230;, a<sub>1n<\/sub><\/strong>. El Vector Vertical corresponder\u00eda <strong>a a<sub>11<\/sub>, a<sub>21<\/sub>, a<sub>31<\/sub>, &#8230;, a<sub>m1<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Operaciones con matrices<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Las operaciones b\u00e1sicas que se pueden realizar sobre las matrices son las siguientes:<br><br>1. Suma y resta de matrices<br>2. Multiplicaci\u00f3n de una matriz por escalar<br>3. Multiplicaci\u00f3n de matrices<br>4. Producto cartesiano<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Suma de Matrices(A+B)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Esta operaci\u00f3n se ejecuta al sumar a cada elemento de la matriz \u201cA\u201d con cada elemento de la matriz \u201cB\u201d que se encuentra en la misma posici\u00f3n relativa. La suma se va colocando en la matriz resultante en la misma posici\u00f3n \u201cmn\u201d de los elementos sumados. <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">Ejemplo<\/span><\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"486\" height=\"196\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2788\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-2.png 486w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-2-300x121.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La suma de matrices se da para dos matrices \u201cA\u201d y \u201cB\u201d  si son del mismo orden, es decir, de orden \u201cm x n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Resta de Matrices (A-B)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La resta de matrices se denota como \u201cA-B\u201d. La sustracci\u00f3n se lleva a cabo al restar a cada elemento de la matriz \u201cA\u201d, cada elemento de la matriz \u201cB\u201d en la misma posici\u00f3n relativa. La resta se coloca en la matriz resultante en la misma posici\u00f3n <strong>mn<\/strong> de los elementos restados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Como se observa es muy similar a la suma, con la \u00fanica diferencia del signo de la operaci\u00f3n a realizar sobre los elementos de la matriz. <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\"><strong>Ejemplo:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/r.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"487\" height=\"193\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/r.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2854\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/r.png 487w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/r-300x119.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 487px) 100vw, 487px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>De igual forma, La resta de matrices se da para dos matrices \u201cA\u201d y \u201cB\u201d del mismo orden, es decir, es de orden \u201cm x n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Multiplicaci\u00f3n por Escalar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si se tiene una matriz \u201cA\u201d y un escalar \u201ck\u201d; la multiplicaci\u00f3n de una matriz por un escalar se representa con \u201ckA\u201d. Esta operaci\u00f3n se realiza al multiplicar cada elemento de la matriz \u201cA\u201d por el escalar \u201ck\u201d, y el resultado se pone en la misma posici\u00f3n relativa en la matriz resultante. <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">Ejemplo:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"559\" height=\"181\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2794\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-4.png 559w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-4-300x97.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 559px) 100vw, 559px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>En esta operaci\u00f3n no importa el orden \u201cm x n\u201d de la matriz \u201cA\u201d, es decir, el producto por un escalar est\u00e1 definido para matrices de cualquier orden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Multiplicaci\u00f3n de Matrices<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Para esta operaci\u00f3n, se tienen dos matrices, \u201cA\u201d y \u201cB\u201d. Para realizar la multiplicaci\u00f3n de estas dos, primero se debe establecer la compatibilidad de la operaci\u00f3n al revisar que el <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">n\u00famero de columnas<\/span><\/strong> de la matriz<span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\"><strong> \u201cA\u201d<\/strong><\/span> sea igual al <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">n\u00famero de renglones<\/span><\/strong> de la matriz <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\"><strong>\u201cB\u201d<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Por ejemplo, si se tiene una matriz \u201cA\u201d de orden \u201cn x m\u201d, entonces la matriz \u201cB\u201d deber\u00e1 tener \u201cn\u201d renglones y cualquier n\u00famero de columnas, por ejemplo, \u201ck\u201d; entonces la matriz resultante ser\u00e1 una matriz de orden \u201c<em>n<\/em> x <em>k<\/em>\u201d. En estas condiciones operativas, es f\u00e1cil observar que el proceso de multiplicaci\u00f3n de matrices no es conmutativo. <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">Ejemplo:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2795\" width=\"456\" height=\"231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-5.png 364w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-5-300x152.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"388\" height=\"295\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2796\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-6.png 388w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-6-300x228.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 388px) 100vw, 388px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Tenemos entonces que el resultado de esta Multiplicaci\u00f3n ser\u00eda una matriz de 3&#215;3, como se muestra a continuaci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-7.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"269\" height=\"218\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2797\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Vemos que cada elemento tiene una ubicaci\u00f3n donde vemos la Fila y Columna donde se encuentran en la matriz<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-8.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"475\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-8-1024x475.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2799\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-8-1024x475.png 1024w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-8-300x139.png 300w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-8-768x356.png 768w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-8.png 1046w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>La ubicaci\u00f3n de cada elemento de R, nos da la pista de cual Fila multiplicaremos con la Columna correspondiente, en el ejemplo vemos que la <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\"><strong>fila 1 se multiplica con la Columna 1<\/strong><\/span>, luego <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\"><strong>la Fila 1, con la Columna 2<\/strong><\/span>. Los resultados de esas multiplicaciones se van sumando(o restando, dependiendo el signo) y finalmente queda ese valor en la ubicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-9.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"737\" height=\"244\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2801\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-9.png 737w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-9-300x99.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 737px) 100vw, 737px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Ejercicios<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Calcular la Suma de A+B de las siguientes matrices:<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"585\" height=\"190\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2804\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-10.png 585w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-10-300x97.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Calcular la Resta de A-B de las siguientes matrices:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"625\" height=\"193\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2805\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-11.png 625w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-11-300x93.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>3.  Realizar la multiplicaci\u00f3n por el escalar (-3) de la siguiente matriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-12.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"361\" height=\"332\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2806\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-12.png 361w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-12-300x276.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 361px) 100vw, 361px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Calcular la siguiente multiplicaci\u00f3n entre matrices:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"667\" height=\"301\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2808\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-13.png 667w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-13-300x135.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es una matriz? Una matriz es un conjunto de renglones y columnas expresados por un par de n\u00fameros \u201cm x n\u201d denominado orden de la matriz, donde \u201cm\u201d es el n\u00famero de renglones y \u201cn\u201d el n\u00famero de columnas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2783","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-segundoparcialmate-textil"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2783","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2783"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2783\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2855,"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2783\/revisions\/2855"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2783"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2783"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2783"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}