{"id":3214,"date":"2020-10-19T22:59:11","date_gmt":"2020-10-19T22:59:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/?p=3214"},"modified":"2020-10-21T19:19:36","modified_gmt":"2020-10-21T19:19:36","slug":"derivadas-parciales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/?p=3214","title":{"rendered":"Derivadas parciales"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>La introducci\u00f3n de las derivadas parciales ocurri\u00f3 a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s del trabajo sobre el c\u00e1lculo de Newton y Leibniz. Entre 1730 y 1760, <strong>Leonhard Euler y Jean Le Rond d\u2019Alembert<\/strong> publicaron por separado varios art\u00edculos sobre din\u00e1mica en los cuales establecieron gran parte de la teor\u00eda de las derivadas parciales. Estos art\u00edculos utilizaban funciones de dos o m\u00e1s variables para estudiar problemas de<strong> equilibrio, movimiento de fluidos y cuerdas vibrantes.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Por ejemplo, para determinar el efecto de un catalizador en un experimento, un qu\u00edmico podr\u00eda repetir el experimento varias veces usando cantidades distintas de catalizador, mientras mantiene constantes las otras variables como temperatura y presi\u00f3n. Para determinar la velocidad o la raz\u00f3n de cambio de una funci\u00f3n f respecto a una de sus variables independientes se puede utilizar un procedimiento similar. A este proceso se le llama <strong>derivaci\u00f3n parcial<\/strong> y el resultado se llama <strong>derivada parcial<\/strong> de <strong>f<\/strong> con respecto a la variable independiente elegida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-51.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"756\" height=\"284\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-51.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-51.png 756w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-51-300x113.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 756px) 100vw, 756px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>Esta definici\u00f3n indica que si z=f(x,y) entonces para hallar f<sub>x<\/sub>se considera<strong> y<\/strong> constante y se deriva con respecto a <strong>x<\/strong>. De manera similar, para calcular f<sub>y<\/sub>, se considera <strong>x<\/strong> constante y se deriva con respecto a <strong>y<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Ejemplo 1:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hallar las derivadas parciales <strong>f<sub>x<\/sub> y f<sub>y<\/sub><\/strong> de la funci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><strong>f(x, y) = 3x &#8211; x<sup>2<\/sup>y<sup>2<\/sup> + 2x<sup>3<\/sup>y<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si se considera <strong>y<\/strong> como constante y se deriva con respecto a<strong> x<\/strong> se obtiene:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-52.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-52.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3220\" width=\"564\" height=\"68\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-52.png 546w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-52-300x36.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Si se considera<strong> x<\/strong> constante y se deriva con respecto a<strong> y<\/strong> obtenemos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-53.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-53.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3221\" width=\"572\" height=\"70\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-53.png 546w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-53-300x37.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 572px) 100vw, 572px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-54.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-54.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3223\" width=\"595\" height=\"331\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Ejemplo 2, pendientes:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hallar las pendientes de una superficie en las direcciones de<strong> x <\/strong>y de<strong> y<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hallar las pendientes de una superficie dadas por:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><strong>f(x,y)=1-(x-1)<sup>2<\/sup>-(y-2)<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>en el punto (1,2,1) en las direcciones de<strong> x<\/strong> y <strong>y<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-55.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-55.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3227\" width=\"628\" height=\"139\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-55.png 683w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-55-300x66.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-56.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-56.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3228\" width=\"427\" height=\"455\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-56.png 306w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-56-282x300.png 282w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Ejemplo 3, tasa o raz\u00f3n de cambio:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El \u00e1rea de un paralelogramo con lados adyacentes<strong> a<\/strong> y<strong> b<\/strong> entre los que se forma un \u00e1ngulo \u03b8 est\u00e1 dada por A = ab sen \u03b8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-57.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-57.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3231\" width=\"614\" height=\"92\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-57.png 746w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-57-300x45.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-58.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-58.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3232\" width=\"416\" height=\"210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-58.png 313w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-58-300x151.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 416px) 100vw, 416px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-59.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-59.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3233\" width=\"609\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-59.png 761w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-59-300x166.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 609px) 100vw, 609px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-60.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-60.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3235\" width=\"612\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-60.png 753w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-60-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Ejemplo 4, derivadas de orden superior:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Como sucede con las derivadas ordinarias, es posible hallar las segundas, terceras, etc., derivadas parciales de una funci\u00f3n de varias variables, siempre que tales derivadas existan. Las derivadas de orden superior se denotan por el orden al que se hace la derivaci\u00f3n. Por ejemplo, la funci\u00f3n z=f(x,y) tiene las siguientes derivadas parciales de segundo orden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-61.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-61.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3240\" width=\"555\" height=\"637\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-61.png 524w, https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-61-262x300.png 262w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Los casos tercero y cuarto se llaman <strong>derivadas parciales mixtas (cruzadas)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La introducci\u00f3n de las derivadas parciales ocurri\u00f3 a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s del trabajo sobre el c\u00e1lculo de Newton y Leibniz. Entre 1730 y 1760, Leonhard Euler y Jean Le Rond d\u2019Alembert publicaron por separado varios art\u00edculos sobre din\u00e1mica en los cuales establecieron gran parte de la teor\u00eda de las derivadas parciales. Estos art\u00edculos utilizaban funciones de dos &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/?p=3214\">Seguir leyendo <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-segundoparcial-mate-mecatronica"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3214"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3243,"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3214\/revisions\/3243"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lash.utrng.edu.mx\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}